Uses of Magnesium : 

Magnesium metal

Magnesium is the third-most-commonly-used structural metal, following iron and aluminium.

Aircraft

Wright Aeronautical used a magnesium crankcase in the WWII-era Wright R-3350 Duplex Cyclone aviation engine.

Automotive

The Bugatti Type 57 Aérolithe featured a lightweight body made of Elektron, a trademarked magnesium alloy.

Mercedes-Benz used the alloy Elektron in the bodywork of an early model Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR; these cars competed in the 1955 World Sportscar Championship including a win at the Mille Miglia, and at Le Mans where one was involved in the 1955 Le Mans disaster when spectators were showered with burning fragments of Elektron

Electronics

Because of low density and good mechanical and electrical properties, magnesium is used for manufacturing of mobile phones, laptop and tablet computers, cameras, and other electronic components

Source of light

Magnesium is flammable, burning at a temperature of approximately 3,100 °C (3,370 K; 5,610 °F),[65] and the autoignition temperature of magnesium ribbon is approximately 473 °C (746 K; 883 °F).

Magnesium is often used to ignite thermite or other materials that require a high ignition temperature. Magnesium continues to be used as an incendiary element in warfare

Chemical reagent

In the form of turnings or ribbons, to prepare Grignard reagents, which are useful in organic synthesis.

World of Magnesium 

Other

In the production of nodular graphite in cast iron.

As an additive agent in conventional propellants.

As a reducing agent to separate uranium and other metals from their salts.

As a sacrificial (galvanic) anode to protect boats, underground tanks, pipelines, buried structures, and water heaters.

Alloyed with zinc to produce the zinc sheet used in photoengraving plates in the printing industry, dry-cell battery walls, and roofing.

Alloyed with aluminium with aluminium-magnesium alloys being used mainly for beverage cans,[92] sports equipment such as golf clubs,[93] fishing reels, and bows and arrows.

Many car and aircraft manufacturers have made engine and body parts from magnesium.

Magnesium batteries have been commercialized as primary batteries, and are an active topic of research for rechargeable batteries, such as magnesium sulfur batteries.

Compounds

Magnesium compounds, primarily magnesium oxide (MgO), are used as a refractory material in furnace linings for producing iron, steel, nonferrous metals, glass, and cement. Magnesium oxide and other magnesium compounds are also used in the agricultural, chemical, and construction industries. Magnesium oxide from calcination is used as an electrical insulator in fire-resistant cables.

Magnesium reacts with haloalkanes to give Grignard reagents, which are used for a wide variety of organic reactions forming carbon–carbon bonds.

Magnesium salts are included in various foods, fertilizers (magnesium is a component of chlorophyll[103]), and microbe culture media.

Magnesium sulfite is used in the manufacture of paper (sulfite process).

Magnesium phosphate is used to fireproof wood used in construction.

Magnesium hexafluorosilicate is used for moth-proofing textiles.

Biological roles

Main articles: Magnesium in biology and Magnesium (medical use)

Mechanism of action

The important interaction between phosphate and magnesium ions makes magnesium essential to the basic nucleic acid chemistry of all cells of all known living organisms. More than 300 enzymes require magnesium ions for their catalytic action, including all enzymes using or synthesizing ATP and those that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA. The ATP molecule is normally found in a chelate with a magnesium ion.

Nutrition

Magnesium intake—especially from diet—may modestly lower blood pressure and reduce risks of stroke and sudden cardiac death, but evidence is mixed, effects are small, and more robust clinical trials are needed to clarify its role in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Uses of Zinc Chloride : 

Industrial grade zinc chloride

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1. Used for the preservation and rust prevention of materials such as wood and metal, extending their service life;

2. Used as a catalyst for organic synthesis, improving reaction efficiency and selectivity;

3. Used as an activator in the production of activated carbon, improving the performance of activated carbon;

4. In the paper industry, used for mordanting, mercerizing, sizing, and weight increase, enhancing fiber adhesion;

5. Used as a promoter and anti-aging agent in rubber processing, improving the vulcanization speed and quality of rubber products;

6. Used as a flame retardant in building materials, enhancing fire resistance;

7. Used as a stabilizer and raw material in the dye and pigment industry for the preparation of ice dyeing color salts and white pigments.

Battery-grade zinc chloride

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1. Used in battery manufacturing: As an important component of the electrolyte, it enhances conductivity, promotes ion transport, helps stabilize the chemical reactions inside the battery, reduces fluctuations, and thus improves battery performance; prevents corrosion of the zinc electrode, maintains battery stability, and extends service life.

2. Electroplating industry: Used as an electrolyte and zinc plating additive to improve the brightness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the coating.

3. Battery-grade zinc chloride is also widely used in industrial fields such as catalysts, water treatment, coal washing, activated carbon, welding flux, and papermaking, demonstrating its unique chemical properties and functions.

Pharmaceutical grade zinc chloride

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1. Used to prepare injectable drugs for the treatment of specific diseases or conditions, and also used to prepare suppositories that have unique advantages in drug delivery and local treatment;

2. Used for the preservation of pharmaceuticals, extending the shelf life of drugs;

3. In the process of pharmaceutical synthesis, used as a catalyst to promote chemical reactions, improving the purity and yield of products;

4. As an essential trace element for the human body, zinc chloride can be used to treat symptoms caused by zinc deficiency, such as slow growth, decreased immunity, and anemia.

5. Used for skin protection and treatment: can enhance the thickness of the stratum corneum to provide a barrier function for the skin; astringent and anti-itching, can constrict capillaries, reduce inflammatory responses, and alleviate itching symptoms; antibacterial for wounds, promoting healing.

Zinc chloride for galvanizing

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As the main salt, it provides necessary zinc ions; enhances the conductivity of the plating solution; increases current density and deposition speed; improves the brightness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the coating; adjusts the pH value of the plating solution; removes oxides and dirt from the substrate surface, making the substrate surface cleaner and more active.

Zinc chloride for petroleum

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1. Used for oil purification to improve the purity and quality of oil;

2. Used as a catalyst to accelerate the rate of chemical reactions, improve production efficiency, and help generate the desired target products.

3. Used for the activation of activated carbon to enhance adsorption capacity and efficiency;

4. Used as a drilling and oil extraction aid to stabilize well walls, prevent collapse, improve drilling fluid performance, and enhance drilling efficiency and safety; improve the permeability of oil layers to help increase oil recovery.

5. Used for cleaning and maintaining equipment and pipelines to prevent equipment corrosion and extend equipment lifespan.

Zinc chloride for water treatment

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Can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms in water, reducing pollution of water sources and the spread of infectious diseases; can adsorb organic matter in water, purifying water quality and effectively removing odors; hydrolysis produces insoluble gel particles that adhere to metal surfaces, forming a protective film, thereby slowing down the corrosion rate, used as a biocide in wastewater treatment and a dewatering agent for sewage sludge; can recover and reuse zinc chloride from zinc chloride wastewater.

Uses of Sodium Nitrate:

Most sodium nitrate is used in fertilizers, where it supplies a water-soluble form of nitrogen. Its use, which is mainly outside of high-income countries, is attractive since it does not alter the pH of the soil. Another major use is as a complement to ammonium nitrate in explosives. Molten sodium nitrate and its solutions with potassium nitrate have good thermal stability (up to 600 °C) and high heat capacities. These properties are suitable for thermally annealing metals and for storing thermal energy in solar applications.

Food

Sodium nitrate is also a food additive used as a preservative and color fixative in cured meats and poultry; it is listed under its INS number 251 or E number E251. It is approved for use in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand.[13] Sodium nitrate should not be confused with sodium nitrite, which is also a common food additive and preservative used, for example, in deli meats.

Thermal storage

Sodium nitrate has also been investigated as a phase-change material for thermal energy recovery, owing to its relatively high melting enthalpy of 178 J/g. Examples of the applications of sodium nitrate used for thermal energy storage include solar thermal power technologies and direct steam generating parabolic troughs.

Steel coating

Sodium nitrate is used in a steel coating process in which it forms a surface of magnetite layer.

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